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Celestia · Mainnet economics

Economic & fee efficiency dashboard for Celestia

What securing Celestia costs, what users actually pay, and where staking yield really comes from – computed live from chain data, refreshed every ~2 hours.

Celestiascan Explore trends
Live from chain data

Celestia's economy, in plain numbers

Four questions people actually ask about this network – answered with live numbers, then unpacked section by section below.

What does it cost to publish here?
for all of English Wikipedia (~24 GB). Flat pricing at /MB, no gas auctions – see the price list for everyday objects.
What happens to fees when traffic spikes?
Nothing.
v9 just doubled throughput and usage sits at of capacity. With headroom there is nothing to bid for – so fees don't move.
Who holds the network up?
50 of
Foundation-backed · 50 seats × 3.5M TIAthe rest of the set
validators are active in the set – 50 of them hold a Foundation seat (175M TIA at work). Open the tracker →
Where is inflation headed?
8%
Genesis
5%
CIP-29
2.5%
CIP-41

Today
1.5%
Floor
Dilution cut ~71% since genesis – the full ladder.
Fee stability · Analysis

The most boring chart in crypto – by design

This chart never spikes. No mint-day fee storms, no bidding wars – Celestia's fee market is engineered to be flat, so anyone building on it can plan costs months ahead. We track a variance index to prove the flatness stays flat.

Celestia Block Load Variance
Standard deviation of block load . Lower = more predictable fees.
Load Stability Chart
Data availability · Price list

What would it cost to publish… anything?

Celestia charges a flat rate for data – the lifetime network average is all fees ever paid divided by all data ever posted. Because there are no gas auctions, you can price real objects to the cent. So let's price some.

The flat rate
per MB · lifetime average · no auction, no spikes
The everyday price list (computed live)
📷 A phone photo (5 MB)
🎵 An album in lossless (500 MB)
🎬 A movie in 4K (15 GB)
📚 All of English Wikipedia (~24 GB)
Context: the same megabyte as Ethereum calldata costs ; EIP-4844 blobs are auction-priced (/MB at the current base fee – it floors when quiet and spikes under load). Celestia's rate simply doesn't move. That predictability, not any snapshot price, is the product.

Who is this
dashboard for?

Explorers show you *what happened*. This page answers the economic questions people actually ask – and a few numbers you won't find computed anywhere else.

You hold or stake TIA

Your questions → your numbers

  • What do I really earn? → staking returns incl. the honest real-yield math
  • Who takes a cut, and how big? → the commission market (median 20%)
  • Is my dilution shrinking? → the inflation ladder: 8% → 2.29% → floor 1.5%

You build a rollup

Your questions → your numbers

  • What will data cost me? → the price list: ~$0.04/MB, priced to the cent
  • Will the price hold under load? → variance index ≈ 0, no auctions ever
  • Is there room to grow? → v9 doubled capacity, 99%+ headroom today

You research the network

Your questions → your numbers

  • Is the economy maturing? → fee coverage of the security budget, tracked over time
  • Is dilution managed? → two governance cuts, −71% since genesis, on schedule
  • Who anchors the stake? → distribution + the 7-cohort Delegation Programme census

What you won't find elsewhere

Computed here, not listed anywhere

  • The everyday price list (what Wikipedia costs to publish)
  • Fee coverage of the security budget + the inflation ladder
  • A fee-predictability index nobody else tracks
  • All 7 Delegation Programme cohorts, deduplicated, hourly
Macro layer · TIA

Monetary & staking economics

Plain version: how many TIA exist, how many new ones are printed per year, and how much is locked up securing the network. These three numbers anchor everything else on this page.

Total Supply
Annual Provisions
Community Pool
Bonded Ratio
of total supply is staked
Bonded Tokens
Last snapshot:
Validator Set
/
active / inactive
Yield analysis · TIA

Inflation & staking returns

Computed inflation rate and estimated staking APR derived from annual provisions, total supply, and bonded ratio. Community pool growth over time reveals protocol accumulation velocity.

Inflation rate
annual_provisions / supply x 100
Estimated staking APR
(inflation x (1 - community_tax)) / bonded_ratio
The network's own treasury – community pool growth

2% of every block reward accrues to a treasury that TIA holders vote to spend on ecosystem grants – it currently holds ~3.45M TIA and grows every block.

Token economics · Security budget

Who pays for security?

Fees on Celestia are not burned – they go to validators and delegators on top of newly minted TIA. Comparing the two shows how much of the security budget users fund today, and how much inflation still covers.

The inflation ladder – how the network cut its own pay

Celestia's issuance follows a published schedule, and the community has twice voted to steepen it. Since genesis, dilution is down ~71% – a network deliberately getting cheaper to run.

8%
Genesis · Oct 2023
−10%/yr schedule
~5%
CIP-29 · v4 Lotus
Jul 2025
~2.5%
CIP-41 · v6
Nov 2025
Today · live
−6.7%/yr schedule
1.5%
Long-term floor
by design
Security spend
new TIA minted per year for validators & delegators
User fees, annualized
lifetime fees ÷ chain age × one year
Fee coverage of security budget
the rest is funded by inflation – watch this number grow with usage
Stake market · Distribution

How stake – and support – is distributed

Who actually holds the network up? The top-5 validators carry about a quarter of bonded stake, the long tail carries the rest – and the Foundation actively feeds that long tail: its Delegation Programme currently backs 50 independent validators with 3.5M TIA each – 175M TIA, roughly a third of all bonded stake, deliberately spread beyond the giants. That support is measurable, live, below.

Top 5 validators
of all bonded stake
Top 10 validators
of all bonded stake
Top 25 validators
of all bonded stake
Layered share of bonded stake
Top 5 · Top 10 · Top 25 · Everyone else ·
Explore the Delegation Programme live →
The three live cohorts side by side: who holds each 3.5M TIA seat, how they perform against the network, stake, commission and uptime per cohort – updated hourly, dataset downloadable.
50 seats
175M TIA
Revenue · Fees

Network revenue & fee economics

How much the network earns from transaction fees – the fundamental revenue that sustains validators and secures the chain.

Total Network Revenue
cumulative fees collected
Avg Fee per Transaction
across all transactions
Total Transactions
since genesis
Validator market · Commissions

Validator commission economics

Plain version: a validator's commission is the cut it keeps from your staking rewards before passing the rest to you – like a fund's management fee. On Celestia this market is unusually uniform: the median validator charges 20%, and nearly the whole active set prices between 20 and 25%. When price barely differs, delegators choose on other signals.

Weighted Avg Commission
stake-weighted average
Median Commission
middle value across all validators
Network Minimum
enforced by protocol

Commission rate distribution

How many validators charge each rate – shows market pricing behavior

Forward-looking · Supply

Inflation schedule & projections

Celestia's inflation starts at 8% annually and decreases by 10% each year until reaching the 1.5% floor. This directly impacts staking returns and token dilution.

Annual inflation rate

Decreasing 10% per year from 8% until 1.5% floor

Projected TIA supply

Token supply forecast over the next 10 years

Key takeaway: As inflation decreases, staking APR will compress. Validators with lower commissions will become increasingly important for maximizing delegator returns. The network reaches its inflation floor of 1.5% approximately in .

Appendix · Throughput, last 24h

Under the hood: the last 24 hours

Plain version: a new block lands every ~2.8 seconds – your data is confirmed faster than a card payment clears – and blocks run nearly empty, which is what keeps the price list above flat. Raw numbers for the curious:

Avg transactions / block
Mean transactions packed into each sampled block.
Average block load
Average block time · post-v9
Peak load (24h)
Empty blocks (24h)
Average block size
Transactions per block (last day)
Average block size (last day)
Appendix · collector internals

Under the hood: mempool & RPC health

Operational side-signal layer from RPC endpoints: peer connectivity, mempool backlog, and sync posture. Mostly of interest to node operators – kept here so you can verify the collector behind every number above.

Peer count
Unconfirmed txs
Mempool size

Node sync status

Whether the RPC node is fully synced with the chain head

Max block size
Bins
Bin hours

Data endpoints

Upstream API availability for the data collector

Transparency · Formulas

Methodology

All formulas, data sources, and assumptions used in this dashboard.

Celestia $/MB = (total_fee_utia / 1e6) / (total_blobs_size / 1e6) x TIA_USD

Source: Celenium API /v1/head (total_fee, total_blobs_size) + CoinGecko (TIA price)

ETH Blob $/MB = blob_base_fee_wei x 131072 / 1e18 / 0.121094 x ETH_USD

Source: Ethereum RPC eth_blobBaseFee + CoinGecko (ETH price)

ETH Calldata $/MB = 16 x 1e6 x gas_price_gwei x 1e-9 x ETH_USD

Assumes 30 gwei gas price. 16 gas per non-zero calldata byte.

Inflation rate = annual_provisions / total_supply x 100

Staking APR = (inflation x (1 - community_tax)) / bonded_ratio

Community tax: 2% (from /cosmos/distribution/v1beta1/params)

Fee coverage = annualized_fees / annual_provisions × 100 (fees are paid to validators and delegators, not burned)

Fees annualized from total_fee / chain_age_seconds × seconds_per_year

Source: Celestia LCD (/cosmos/mint, /cosmos/distribution, /cosmos/staking)

$/MB = total_fee_usd / total_blobs_size_MB (from Celenium head + CoinGecko TIA price)

Fee coverage = annualized_fees / annual_provisions × 100 (fees are paid to validators and delegators, not burned)

Annualized fees = total_fee / chain_age_seconds × seconds_per_year

Source: Celestia LCD (/cosmos/mint, /cosmos/distribution), Celenium /v1/head

Block load variance = standard deviation of avg_block_load_pct series (historical snapshots)

Lower variance indicates more predictable and stable fee behavior. Celestia's fee market separates blob fees from execution, leading to less volatility than monolithic chains.

Source: eco.json avg_block_load_pct series